(* The "five" principles are:
(i) Mutual respect for each other's territorial integrity and sovereignty;
(ii) Non-aggression;
(iii) Non-interference in each other's internal affairs:
(iv) Equality and mutual benefit; and
(v) Peaceful co-existence,)
Since then, two decades have gone by and both our countries have passed through many vicissitudes. The countries of ASEAN, in whose formation Indonesia has played a leading role, are engaged in the task of establishing a zone of peace, freedom and neutrality in South East Asia with the objective of enabling the countries of the region to concentrate on their economic, social and political development, free from the tensions caused by great power rivalry and intervention.
India has welcomed and supported this constructive proposal and pledged its willingness to co-operate in the attainment of its objectives. The littoral and hinterland States of the Indian Ocean have proclaimed the Indian Ocean as a zone of peace with a view to promoting the same objectives. The two proposals are, in fact, inextricably linked. Efforts to persuade external powers to comply with their obligations under the Indian Ocean peace zone and ASEAN proposals to establish South East Asia as a zone of peace, freedom and neutrality are but different facets of one and the same undertaking.
The "Panchasheela" principles were subsequently embodied in the ten-point declaration at the Bandung Conference of 29 Asian-African nations, held in April 1955. The ten principles are:
1. Respect for fundamental human rights and for the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations.
2. Respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all nations.
3. Recognition of the equality of all races and of the equality of all nations, large and small.
4. Abstention from intervention or interference in the internal affairs of other countries.
5. Respect for the right of each nation to defend itself, singly or collectively, in conformity with the Charter of the United Nations.
6. (a) Abstention from the use of arrangements of collective defence to serve the particular interests of any of the Big Powers.
(b) Abstention by any country from exerting pressure on other countries.
7. Refraining from acts or threats of aggression or the use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any country.
8. Settlement of all international disputes by peaceful means such as negotiation, conciliation, arbitration or judicial settlement as well as other peaceful means of the parties' own choice, in conformity with the Charter of the United Nations.
9. Promotion of mutual interest and co-operation.
10. Respect for justice and international obligations.
